How can asphyxia be visually identified during an autopsy?

The identification of asphyxia during an autopsy primarily involves the examination of physiological changes that occur in response to a lack of oxygen. Congestion and petechiae are critical indicators of asphyxia. Congestion refers to the accumulation of blood in the vessels, particularly in the head and neck region, which may appear darker due to the oxygen deprivation that occurs. This is especially evident in the lungs, where asphyxiation can cause noticeable fluid and blood accumulation.

Petechiae, on the other hand, are small pinpoint bleeding spots that can manifest on various surfaces of the body, such as the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the eye) and the inside of the mouth, due to the increased pressure and stress on small blood vessels during the asphyxia process. These signs are characteristic and can help differentiate asphyxial deaths from other causes.

While skin color can change in asphyxia cases, it is not as definitive as the signs of congestion and petechiae. Bruising alone does not provide a clear indication of asphyxia since it can occur from various types of trauma. Additionally, the absence of injuries does not rule out asphyxia either, as some cases can occur without external trauma. Thus, the presence of